{"id":54216,"date":"2025-05-20T07:19:57","date_gmt":"2025-05-20T07:19:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.icip.cat\/?p=54216"},"modified":"2025-05-20T07:23:38","modified_gmt":"2025-05-20T07:23:38","slug":"social-distrust-a-sense-of-insecurity-and-economic-hardship-are-the-key-to-understanding-the-rise-of-reactionary-and-antidemocratic-ideas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.icip.cat\/en\/social-distrust-a-sense-of-insecurity-and-economic-hardship-are-the-key-to-understanding-the-rise-of-reactionary-and-antidemocratic-ideas\/","title":{"rendered":"Social distrust, a sense of insecurity and economic hardship are the key to understanding the rise of reactionary and antidemocratic ideas"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In a press conference, ICIP has presented the study \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.icip.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ICIP_informes_24.pdf\">L\u2019arrelament de les idees involucionistes i bel\u00b7licistes a Catalunya<\/a>\u201d (The entrenchment of reactionary and militaristic ideas in Catalonia) (ICIP Report 24\/2025).\u00a0The report, conducted by journalist and data analyst Roger Tugas i Vilardell, analyzes which sectors of Catalan society are more susceptible to ideas contrary to democratic values, human rights and peace \u2013 such as racism, sexism, LGBTIphobia and militarism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The data was drawn from seven public institution surveys. An in-depth analysis was carried out on ICIP Survey 2022 \u201cCoexistence and cohesion in Catalonia\u201d and ICIP Survey 2023 \u201cCoexistence and security in Catalonia.\u201d Additional surveys on values and habits conducted in 2023 by the CEO (Centre d\u2019Estudis d\u2019Opini\u00f3) and the CIS (Centro de Investigaciones Sociol\u00f3gicas), as well as the European Social Survey were also examined.\u00a0Data from a total of 130 questions were cross-referenced using variables such as age, gender, education level, size of town of residence, level of social trust, income, and concern about security.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The study falls under the \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.icip.cat\/en\/social-and-political-dialogue\/\">Social and political dialogue<\/a>\u201d line of work <strong>promoting coexistence, dialogue and social cohesion<\/strong> in Catalonia.\u00a0 As ICIP director Kristian Herbolzheimer explained, \u201cIt is essential to manage disagreement and conflict in a constructive manner.\u00a0That is why we want to understand in which segments of society antidemocratic values are most prevalent and what explains these attitudes, with a broad perspective and avoiding simplistic answers.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" data-id=\"54093\" src=\"https:\/\/www.icip.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/tugas-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-54093\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.icip.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/tugas-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.icip.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/tugas-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.icip.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/tugas-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.icip.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/tugas-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.icip.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/tugas-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" data-id=\"54071\" src=\"https:\/\/www.icip.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/IMG_4624-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-54071\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.icip.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/IMG_4624-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.icip.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/IMG_4624-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.icip.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/IMG_4624-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.icip.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/IMG_4624-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.icip.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/IMG_4624-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Key findings<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The study confirms that <strong>sexist, homophobic, transphobic, racist, authoritarian and militaristic views are more prevalent among men \u2013 especially young men \u2013 and among people with low social trust, heightened concerns about security or antisocial behavior, and those facing economic hardship<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, <strong>there is<\/strong> <strong>no discernable generational trend towards more conservative views<\/strong>:young people arenot less feminist or more racist than the general population. On the contrary, they more strongly support abortion rights, LGBTI rights and new forms of emotional and sexual relationships.\u00a0 At the same time, though, young people are more supportive of punitivism and military defense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the study\u2019s author, Roger Tugas i Vilardell, \u201cThose who most embrace reactionary ideas are often people facing uncertainty, insecurity and fear in the face of a pessimistic outlook shaped by precariousness and a changing society.\u201d\u00a0This profile often includes young men, a group highly exposed to social media \u2013 where hate speech is prevalent.\u00a0 They often face difficulties to become economically self-sufficient, and have less established political backgrounds, making them more susceptible to new ideologies. Still, the author stresses that it is not exclusively a generational or gender issue \u2013 it is multifactorial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this regard, the ICIP director emphasized that young men are often criminalized as followers of far-right ideas, but \u201cthere are reactionary attitudes across all segments of society.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Cross-referencing variables<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>By cross-referencing various variables, the study finds that <strong>the perception of community cohesion is linked to expressions of racism, intolerance or militarism<\/strong>.\u00a0For example, among those who believe that coexistence in their neighborhood or town is poor, only 43 percent would be comfortable if a son or daughter married a refugee.\u00a0In contrast, among those who believe coexistence is very good, acceptance rises to 67 percent. Additionally, people who perceive coexistence as very poor are more likely to support military spending.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The analysis also establishes a <strong>link between personal perceptions of success or failure and views on immigration<\/strong>.\u00a0Fifty-eight percent of people who see themselves as \u201closers\u201d claim immigrants commit more crimes than native citizens.\u00a0 Among those who see themselves as \u201cwinners,\u201d only 25 percent believe this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The study also yields conclusions from cross-referencing age-gender and age-use of violence.\u00a0In the first case, the report finds that <strong>men are more sexist than women \u2013 particularly young men.<\/strong>\u00a0According to the data, 23 percent of young men (up to 30 years old) strongly or somewhat agree with the statement \u201cmen are better political leaders than women,\u201d and 20 percent believe gender-based violence is an invention of feminism.\u00a0Additionally, one in three young people would be willing to use violence to defend their ideas and values \u2013 twelve percentage points higher than any other age group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Interactive web space<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The study is complemented by the creation of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icip.cat\/ca\/dialeg-social-i-politic\/estudi-arrelament-idees-involucionistes\/\">web space<\/a> that allows users to <strong>interact directly with the data<\/strong> by cross-referencing multiple variables such as gender, age, education level and degree of trust.\u00a0Specifically, the site lets users explore the data across four sections: <strong>Age and gender, Social trust, Economic precariousness, and Sense of insecurity<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The web space features some seventy graphs, which can also be consulted by topics: <strong>Sexism, LGBTIphobia, Racism, Militarism <\/strong>and <strong>Tolerance of difference<\/strong>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In a press conference, ICIP has presented the study \u201cL\u2019arrelament de les idees involucionistes i bel\u00b7licistes a Catalunya\u201d (The entrenchment of reactionary and militaristic ideas in Catalonia) (ICIP Report 24\/2025).\u00a0The report, conducted by journalist and data analyst Roger Tugas i Vilardell, analyzes which sectors of Catalan society are more susceptible to ideas contrary to democratic [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":54068,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54216","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.6 - 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