{"id":6079,"date":"2022-04-07T10:58:32","date_gmt":"2022-04-07T10:58:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.icip.cat\/perlapau\/issue\/%issue_post%\/article\/la-llengua-i-la-identitat-factors-de-pau-o-de-conflictivitat-violenta\/"},"modified":"2022-04-07T10:58:32","modified_gmt":"2022-04-07T10:58:32","slug":"la-llengua-i-la-identitat-factors-de-pau-o-de-conflictivitat-violenta","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.icip.cat\/perlapau\/article\/la-llengua-i-la-identitat-factors-de-pau-o-de-conflictivitat-violenta\/","title":{"rendered":"La llengua i la identitat, factors de pau o de conflictivitat violenta"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>                <span id=\"square\"><\/span>                <span id=\"first-word\"> Aquest n\u00famero<\/span> de la revista de l\u2019ICIP es dedica als conflictes ling\u00fc\u00edstics o, millor, al paper que la gesti\u00f3 de la diversitat ling\u00fc\u00edstica t\u00e9 en societats plurals, polaritzades i on la identitat ha jugat un paper clau en la din\u00e0mica conflictiva. S\u2019analitzen casos com Irlanda, \u00cdndia, Ucra\u00efna o Sud\u00e0frica. Sens dubte, Catalunya tamb\u00e9 hauria pogut ser cas d\u2019estudi. Una cosa resulta indubtable: la gesti\u00f3 de les identitats, en societats multiculturals, \u00e9s un factor extraordin\u00e0riament important, i un factor clau de la identitat \u00e9s la llengua. I, s\u00ed, com ben aviat exposar\u00e9, el debat sobre si la llengua pot ser un factor de potenciaci\u00f3 del risc de viol\u00e8ncia en una situaci\u00f3 conflictiva o, pel contrari, un factor de construcci\u00f3 de pau, \u00e9s antic i acad\u00e8micament controvertit, quasi tant com el de l\u2019aigua i els conflictes violents. En tot cas, \u00e9s extraordin\u00e0riament important, perqu\u00e8 en construcci\u00f3 de pau sabem que en els conflictes que es perceben com b\u00e0sicament identitaris \u00e9s molt m\u00e9s dif\u00edcil cercar solucions \u201cguanyar-guanyar\u201d, solucions amb guanys compartits, que impliquen partir les difer\u00e8ncies, quelcom m\u00e9s f\u00e0cil en conflictes on les incompatibilitats entre les parts s\u00f3n b\u00e0sicament materials, tangibles.<\/p>\n<p> Em limitar\u00e9, des de la perspectiva de la resoluci\u00f3 i transformaci\u00f3 de conflictes, a senyalar tres coses. Primer, que la causalitat en analitzar conflictes requereix una aproximaci\u00f3 matisada, que es tradueix en una distinci\u00f3 habitual entre causes estructurals (necess\u00e0ries, b\u00e0siques per explicar les incompatibilitats entre les parts), causes acceleradores o multiplicadores (factors que polaritzen les societats, que enfronten parts i que poden radicalitzar les opcions i fer arribar a la conclusi\u00f3 que no hi ha altra sortida que el recurs a la viol\u00e8ncia), finalment, desencadenants o detonadors (la gota que fa degotar el vas, el factor precipitador \u00faltim). Ras i curt, les causes estructurals s\u00f3n el que hom anomena en el m\u00f3n matem\u00e0tic condicions de contorn, condicions necess\u00e0ries per a la situaci\u00f3 conflictiva, mentre que els acceleradors\/multiplicadors i els desencadenants s\u00f3n condicions suficients. Les primeres expliquen la gestaci\u00f3 del conflicte, les segones, al seu torn, expliquen la din\u00e0mica conflictual i les conductes de les parts. <\/p>\n<p> Segon, en el cas que ens ocupa, societats amb divisions pol\u00edtiques, socials, econ\u00f2miques i pluralitat ling\u00fc\u00edstica, la gesti\u00f3 de la diversitat ling\u00fc\u00edstica forma part dels acceleradors o multiplicadors o dels detonants, de les condicions suficients, no de les necess\u00e0ries, com s\u2019esdev\u00e9 amb els conflictes vinculats amb l\u2019aigua. Almenys, per\u00f2, de forma generalitzada. Altrament dit, la gesti\u00f3 de la diversitat ling\u00fc\u00edstica \u00e9s un factor multiplicador de les tensions i polaritzacions i un accelerador de potencials esclats de viol\u00e8ncia, at\u00e8s que facilita la percepci\u00f3 de \u201cgreuge comparatiu\u201d i de \u201cprivaci\u00f3 relativa\u201d (Ted R. Gurr) i securitza el motiu d\u2019incompatibilitat. La ra\u00f3 \u00e9s senzilla, la llengua \u00e9s el factor estructurador de la identitat i si est\u00e0 fortament amena\u00e7ada el que est\u00e0 en perill, perceptivament, \u00e9s la pr\u00f2pia superviv\u00e8ncia col.lectiva. Per tant, la gesti\u00f3 de la diversitat i pluralitat ling\u00fc\u00edstica esdev\u00e9 un element cabdal en societats dividides per situacions conflictives i on els seus ciutadans parlen m\u00e9s d\u2019una llengua. <\/p>\n<p> Tercer i darrer, el fet que sigui un factor accelerador\/multiplicador i un eventual desencadenant refor\u00e7a molt, en situaci\u00f3 de gesti\u00f3 positiva de la conflictivitat, el seu rol com a element de construcci\u00f3 de pau. El reconeixement i protecci\u00f3 de la diversitat ling\u00fc\u00edstica \u00e9s un dels elements m\u00e9s objectius que hom pot acordar en una negociaci\u00f3 pac\u00edfica, f\u00e0cilment observable en la fase d\u2019implementaci\u00f3, i, per tant, sol ser central en els acords entre actors enfrontats en conflictes amb alta c\u00e0rrega identit\u00e0ria. \u00c9s, en suma, un poder\u00f3s constructor de pau. La pau es fa tamb\u00e9 amb paraules i amb respecte per la llengua que permet pronunciar-les. <\/p>\n<p class=\"foto first-reference\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/95258023@N06\/8747869574\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \t\tFotograf\u00eda \t\t<\/a> \t\t: Diarioliberdade \/  \t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/2.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \tCC BY\t<\/a>\t\t\/ Desaturada. \t\t<em>&#8211; Manifestaci\u00f3 a Compostela el Dia de les Lletres Gallegues 2013 &#8211;<\/em> <\/p>\n<p class=\"gencat\">\u00a9 Generalitat de Catalunya<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":6114,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[4],"class_list":["post-6079","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-introduccio"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>La llengua i la identitat, factors de pau o de conflictivitat violenta - Revista Per la Pau<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.icip.cat\/perlapau\/ca\/article\/la-llengua-i-la-identitat-factors-de-pau-o-de-conflictivitat-violenta\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La llengua i la identitat, factors de pau o de conflictivitat violenta - Revista Per la Pau\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Aquest n\u00famero de la revista de l\u2019ICIP es dedica als conflictes ling\u00fc\u00edstics o, millor, al paper que la gesti\u00f3 de la diversitat ling\u00fc\u00edstica t\u00e9 en societats plurals, polaritzades i on la identitat ha jugat un paper clau en la din\u00e0mica conflictiva. 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