{"id":6280,"date":"2022-04-07T10:59:19","date_gmt":"2022-04-07T10:59:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.icip.cat\/perlapau\/issue\/%issue_post%\/article\/un-factor-i-actor-imprescindibles\/"},"modified":"2022-04-07T10:59:19","modified_gmt":"2022-04-07T10:59:19","slug":"un-factor-i-actor-imprescindibles","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.icip.cat\/perlapau\/article\/un-factor-i-actor-imprescindibles\/","title":{"rendered":"Un factor i actor imprescindibles"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>                <span id=\"square\"><\/span>                <span id=\"first-word\"> Aquest n\u00famero <\/span>del <em>Per la Pau<\/em> s\u2019ocupa d\u2019alguns dels moviments per la pau i antimilitaristes vinculats, cronol\u00f2gicament o tem\u00e0tica, a la Primera Guerra Mundial, com a colof\u00f3 de la commemoraci\u00f3 del seu centenari. Concretament, es passa revista als moviments d\u2019\u00edndole m\u00e9s pol\u00edtica, com els vinculats a l\u2019anarquisme (1a Internacional) o a la principal l\u00edder del grup Spartakus, Rosa Luxemburg, als grups anticonscripci\u00f3 i a la tasca pionera al m\u00f3n acad\u00e8mic d\u2019Albert Fried, un dels creadors de la comunitat esist\u00e8mica que \u00e9s darrere dels enfocaments m\u00e9s radicals de les relacions internacionals i la investigaci\u00f3 per a la pau. A m\u00e9s, Joan Botam, religi\u00f3s i ecumenista, reflexiona sobre el llegat de l\u2019anomenada Gran Guerra i l\u2019oposici\u00f3 a aquesta en les diferents variants del moviment per la pau inspirat en creences religioses.<\/p>\n<p> En altres n\u00fameros de la revista ens hem ocupat del paper del moviment de dones i feminista. I som conscients que no esgotem la riquesa d&#8217;aquests moviments. Entre la 1a i la 2a Guerra Mundial es produiran canvis importants, com l&#8217;impacte cr\u00edtic amb els moviments m\u00e9s vinculats a les direccions de la 2a Internacional o l&#8217;arribada d&#8217;influ\u00e8ncies crucials com la Fellowship for Reconciliation, la War Resisters League i, sobretot, el pacifisme radical de Gandhi. Sense tot aix\u00f2 no es pot entendre l&#8217;origen de la investigaci\u00f3 per a la pau, sorgit als anys cinquanta als dos costats de l&#8217;Atl\u00e0ntic Nord, ni tampoc la nostra pr\u00f2pia tasca. <\/p>\n<p> De tots els articles d\u2019aquest monogr\u00e0fic se\u2019n deriva una idea for\u00e7a: els moviments socials, en aquest cas per la pau i antimilitaristes, s\u00f3n a l\u2019arrel de les lluites per la pau, acad\u00e8miques, ciutadanes, pol\u00edtiques i en les organitzacions internacionals. Sense ells, res no seria possible: s\u00f3n un factor imprescindible i un actor clau des del moment en qu\u00e8 per primera vegada a la hist\u00f2ria moderna es va estendre el clamor del &#8220;mai m\u00e9s&#8221;, \u00e9s a dir, mai m\u00e9s una altra guerra com aquesta. Ho havien estat ja despr\u00e9s de la batalla de Solferino, que va mostrar les terribles conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies de les armes creixentment sofisticades com els &#8220;fusells d\u2019agulla&#8221;, les primeres armes semiautom\u00e0tiques i de repetici\u00f3, i per aix\u00f2 els moviments socials van ser crucials en la creaci\u00f3 de la Creu Roja Internacional i en el desenvolupament del dret humanitari i de guerra. <\/p>\n<p>                <cite class=\"cita-center\">                                                            Els moviments socials s\u00f3n a l\u2019arrel de les lluites per la pau i sense ells res no seria possible                <\/cite>\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p> I ho van ser de forma encara m\u00e9s decisiva abans, durant i despr\u00e9s de la 1a Guerra Mundial, quan per primera vegada el clamor social -en part generat pels mateixos moviments- va exigir una resposta intel\u00b7lectual al problema de les guerres. Com se sol dir, va ser justament despr\u00e9s de la guerra quan la preocupaci\u00f3 social per les guerres es va convertir en una preocupaci\u00f3 intel\u00b7lectual, donant lloc a la creaci\u00f3 de les Relacions Internacionals com a disciplina, per entendre les causes de les guerres i establir les condicions de les paus, a la recerca d\u2019una pau duradora i sostenible. Sense els moviments per la pau i antimiltiaristes, i sense el seu impacte sobre les opinions p\u00fabliques, res del que ha passat en el terreny anal\u00edtic, pol\u00edtic i social per la pau en els cent \u00faltims anys no tindria explicaci\u00f3, ni sentit. <\/p>\n<p> Per aix\u00f2, m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 del deure de mem\u00f2ria i reconeixement amb aquests moviments pioners, en un moment en que l\u2019impacte dels moviments socials per la pau torna a ser clau i quan saludem l\u2019acord nuclear amb l\u2019Iran cridat a tenir, de ser plenament real, un impacte decisiu, conv\u00e9 recordar algunes lli\u00e7ons d\u2019aquell passat. Concretament quatre. <\/p>\n<p>                <cite class=\"cita-left\">                                        Sense els moviments per la pau i antimilitaristes res del que ha passat en el terreny anal\u00edtic, pol\u00edtic i social per la pau en els cent \u00faltims anys tindria sentit                <\/cite>                <\/p>\n<p> Primer, que la pau \u00e9s un proc\u00e9s, no un estat concret al qual un arriba i s\u2019hi queda; i, com a proc\u00e9s, exigeix dinamisme, adaptaci\u00f3 al context i conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies d\u2019altres valors intermedis, com la dignitat o la just\u00edcia. Dit d\u2019una altra manera, la pau es construeix. Segon, que la pau es diu de moltes maneres; de fet hi ha paus i, per tant, \u00e9s essencial tenir present a l\u2019agenda intel\u00b7lectual i de lluita que existeixen diferents agendes, diferents biaixos i enfocaments i diferents accents i sensibilitats, tots ells imprescindibles. L\u2019agenda per la pau, en la tasca intel\u00b7lectual i en la tasca social i c\u00edvica, exigeix capacitat d\u2019englobar, polif\u00f2nicament, diferents veus, totes elles crucials, amb especial atenci\u00f3 a les que v\u00e9nen del Sud global, d\u2019altres cultures. Tercer, que les amenaces a la pau canvien constantment, com ho demostra el fet que les morts derivades directament per guerres o terrorisme suposin nom\u00e9s una mica menys del 25% de les que es produeixen al m\u00f3n, i per tant l\u2019agenda i els instruments d\u2019an\u00e0lisi i d\u2019intervenci\u00f3 han d\u2019estar sempre afinats i proposar formes d\u2019acci\u00f3 col\u00b7lectiva per resoldre els problemes que genera la novetat. <\/p>\n<p> I quart, que la consecuci\u00f3 de la pau exigeix combinar acci\u00f3 social i ciutadana, acci\u00f3 i tasca acad\u00e8mica i tamb\u00e9 incid\u00e8ncia pol\u00edtica i treball en les institucions. Treballar en les ments, els cors i les institucions, en un sentit no solament formal. I com deia el nostre anterior vicepresident i amic Alfons Banda, exigeix conquerir les opinions p\u00fabliques, creant narratives i contranarratives que facin veure que la pau mai no ha estat una quimera, un impossible, sin\u00f3 una utopia que es construeix, una utopia amb una llarga hist\u00f2ria i molts \u00e8xits parcials. Sempre hi ha &#8220;Primeres Guerres Mundials&#8221; contra les quals lluitar o, per dir-ho com Alfred Fried, &#8220;objectes de demostraci\u00f3 amb qu\u00e8 ensenyar anatomia&#8221;. Gr\u00e0cies, doncs, als moviments per la pau, als pacifistes i antimilitaristes per la seva gran aportaci\u00f3 a l\u2019&#8221;anatomia&#8221;. <\/p>\n<p class=\"first-reference last-reference foto\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:No_More_War_demonstration_in_Germany.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">    Fotografia    <\/a>    : United States Library of Congress        <\/p>\n<p>    <em>&#8211; Manifestaci\u00f3 contra la guerra, Berl\u00edn 1922 &#8211;<\/em>     <\/p>\n<p class=\"gencat\">\u00a9 Generalitat de Catalunya<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":6315,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[4],"class_list":["post-6280","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-introduccio"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Un factor i actor imprescindibles - Revista Per la Pau<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.icip.cat\/perlapau\/ca\/article\/un-factor-i-actor-imprescindibles\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Un factor i actor imprescindibles - Revista Per la Pau\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Aquest n\u00famero del Per la Pau s\u2019ocupa d\u2019alguns dels moviments per la pau i antimilitaristes vinculats, cronol\u00f2gicament o tem\u00e0tica, a la Primera Guerra Mundial, com a colof\u00f3 de la commemoraci\u00f3 del seu centenari. 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