{"id":6481,"date":"2022-04-07T11:19:02","date_gmt":"2022-04-07T11:19:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.icip.cat\/perlapau\/issue\/%issue_post%\/article\/cal-creure-en-lesport-com-a-eina-de-construccio-de-pau\/"},"modified":"2022-04-07T11:19:02","modified_gmt":"2022-04-07T11:19:02","slug":"cal-creure-en-lesport-com-a-eina-de-construccio-de-pau","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.icip.cat\/perlapau\/article\/cal-creure-en-lesport-com-a-eina-de-construccio-de-pau\/","title":{"rendered":"Cal creure en l\u2019esport com a eina de construcci\u00f3 de pau"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/span> Aquest n\u00famero del Per la Pau \/ Peace in Progress<\/em><\/span> es dedica a un tema important i creixentment mereixedor de reflexi\u00f3 en la recerca per a la pau: la relaci\u00f3 entre l\u2019esport, la gesti\u00f3 dels conflictes violents i la construcci\u00f3 de pau a mitj\u00e0 i llarg termini. Un tema tamb\u00e9 controvertit, at\u00e8s que de ben segur alg\u00fa pensar\u00e0 com \u00e9s que l\u2019esport pot contribuir a la resoluci\u00f3 pac\u00edfica de controv\u00e8rsies, a construir pau, si precisament el m\u00f3n de l\u2019esport de competici\u00f3 \u00e9s un exemple constant de compet\u00e8ncia, de recerca de la vict\u00f2ria per damunt de tot, fins i tot recorrent al d\u00f2ping constant. De fet, l\u2019esport \u2013 ens jocs col\u00b7lectius- \u00e9s tamb\u00e9 un exemple de construcci\u00f3 de la idea d\u2019adversari irreconciliable; i un exemple d\u2019\u00fas pol\u00edtic i de vegades de manipulaci\u00f3, si ens referim a la concurr\u00e8ncia entre estats per fer-se amb el primer lloc del medaller als Jocs Ol\u00edmpics.<\/p>\n

Altrament dit, al m\u00f3n \u00a0de l\u2019esport hi trobem exemples de tot tipus: aprofitament dels Jocs Ol\u00edmpics per mor de la pol\u00edtica amb maj\u00fascula (el cas dels Jocs de Berl\u00edn, amb Hitler al poder; el boicot als Jocs de Moscou i Los \u00c1ngeles, durant la Guerra Freda), per\u00f2 alhora exemples individuals de comprensi\u00f3 entre atletes als tres jocs esmentats; compet\u00e8ncia dura, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 solidaritat. I tamb\u00e9 hi ha casos en qu\u00e8 l\u2019esport ha estat un element de construcci\u00f3 d\u2019identitat col\u00b7lectiva de pa\u00efsos dividits, com la Sud\u00e0frica que va posar fi al r\u00e8gim de \u00a0l\u2019apartheid amb la vict\u00f2ria electoral del Congr\u00e9s Nacional Afric\u00e0 i va emprar, per tossuderia de Nelson Mandela el Mundial de rugby per crear un sentiment de pa\u00eds unit al voltant de la seva selecci\u00f3. Els exemples serien inacabables, en un i altre sentit. <\/p>\n

\t\t\t\t Si hom combina esport i educaci\u00f3, pot ensenyar pau als m\u00e9s joves, retornar-los l\u2019esperan\u00e7a <\/cite>\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

Cal recon\u00e8ixer que l\u2019esport pot ser una eina de construcci\u00f3 de pau, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 de compet\u00e8ncia extrema i de viol\u00e8ncia. I per fer de l\u2019esport una eina de pau cal un plus, un factor addicional, ja que la potencialitat existeix -com mostren els diversos articles d\u2019aquest n\u00famero- i \u00e9s realment un factor poder\u00f3s. L\u2019esport \u00e9s un exemple del cam\u00ed que ja l\u2019any 1927, al Congr\u00e9s Mundial d\u2019Educaci\u00f3 celebrat a Praga, va endegar l\u2019educaci\u00f3 per la pau, amb un lema tamb\u00e9 pol\u00e8mic, \u201cLa pau a trav\u00e9s de l\u2019escola\u201d.- \u00c9s el cam\u00ed que il\u00b7lustra la Declaraci\u00f3 de la UNESCO, d\u00e8cades despr\u00e9s i que diu: \u201cAt\u00e8s que la guerra neix a les ments de les persones, \u00e9s a les ments de les persones on cal construir la pau\u201d. Ara b\u00e9, cal activar aquest plus, aquest factor addicional, per evitar l\u2019idealisme i el bonisme. I aquest va ser el cam\u00ed que va endegar l\u2019Escola Lliure de Freinet, el pragmatisme moral de William James i tots aquells que intentaren crear, en paraules de James, \u201calternatives morals a l\u2019agressi\u00f3 i la guerra\u201d. Potser s\u2019entendr\u00e0 millor el que vull dir amb una paradoxa que fa unes d\u00e8cades empr\u00e0 Paulo Freire com a inici d\u2019una reflexi\u00f3 amb educadors en valors i per a la pau a la que vaig tenir la sort d\u2019assistir. Digu\u00e9, com a frase generadora per un parell de dies de treballs, justament aix\u00f2: \u201cL\u2019educaci\u00f3 no \u00e9s el fulcre per transformar el m\u00f3n, perqu\u00e8 podria ser-ho\u201d. Altrament dit, ni l\u2019esport ni l\u2019educaci\u00f3 s\u00f3n, per se<\/em>, eines de transformaci\u00f3 del m\u00f3n, de construcci\u00f3 de pau, per\u00f2 poden ser-ho i, de fet, est\u00e0 en la seva naturalesa fer-ho. Per\u00f2 cal evitar els factors pertorbadors, la reproducci\u00f3 del sistema social desigual en el cas de l\u2019educaci\u00f3, la concurr\u00e8ncia excessiva i la competitivitat exagerada en cas de l\u2019esport, i potenciar el valor de superaci\u00f3 i de solidaritat, individual i col\u00b7lectiva, que porta impl\u00edcit. <\/p>\n

I tenim exemples, molts, que aix\u00f2 ha estat i \u00e9s possible, i de forma exitosa. Sovintegen casos en qu\u00e8 el poder i la significaci\u00f3 moral i cultural de l\u2019esport han servit per construir xarxes, per millorar i empoderar comunitats i nacions, per fomentar la reconstrucci\u00f3 i la reconciliaci\u00f3 de societats dividides per la viol\u00e8ncia i la dictadura, per adquirir habilitats compartides i per socialitzar grups socials polaritzats. <\/p>\n

\t\t\t\t L\u2019esport \u00e9s una poderosa eina de construcci\u00f3 de pau per\u00f2 cal creure-hi i cercar-ho amb valors adients <\/cite> <\/p>\n

I aqu\u00ed \u00e9s on entra el paper de la investigaci\u00f3 i de l\u2019educaci\u00f3 per la pau. Ho dir\u00e9, a tall de conclusi\u00f3, amb dues citacions. La primera, de Nelson Mandela: \u201cSi hom combina esport i educaci\u00f3, pot ensenyar pau als m\u00e9s joves, retornar-los esperan\u00e7a i crear eines per tal que participin en la creaci\u00f3 d\u2019una societat m\u00e9s justa i fraternal\u201d. Per tant, la idea \u00e9s clara: l\u2019esport com a aliat de l\u2019educaci\u00f3 per la pau. Per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9, com ens ha recordat un expert en noviol\u00e8ncia com David Coulthard, l\u2019esport pot ser un cam\u00ed per lluitar contra la desigualtat i l\u2019exclusi\u00f3: \u201cMitjan\u00e7ant regles, l\u2019esport posa a totes les persones que participen en igualtat de condicions i, justament per aix\u00f2, l\u2019esport permet transcendir les difer\u00e8ncies, el que fa d\u2019ell una resposta a la viol\u00e8ncia i a l\u2019exclusi\u00f3 social\u201d. Altrament dit, l\u2019esport \u00e9s una poderosa eina de construcci\u00f3 de pau i de resoluci\u00f3 de conflictes, per\u00f2 hi calen addicions: creure-hi i cercar-ho amb valors adients. <\/p>\n

\n

\tPhotography\t<\/a>\t: Andre Mourao | Comit\u00e8 Ol\u00edmpic Internacional (COI)\t <\/p>\n

\u00a9 Generalitat de Catalunya<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":6516,"menu_order":0,"template":"","categories":[4],"class_list":["post-6481","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-introduccio"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCal creure en l\u2019esport com a eina de construcci\u00f3 de pau - Revista Per la Pau<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.icip.cat\/perlapau\/ca\/article\/cal-creure-en-lesport-com-a-eina-de-construccio-de-pau\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cal creure en l\u2019esport com a eina de construcci\u00f3 de pau - Revista Per la Pau\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Aquest n\u00famero del Per la Pau \/ Peace in Progress es dedica a un tema important i creixentment mereixedor de reflexi\u00f3 en la recerca per a la pau: la relaci\u00f3 entre l\u2019esport, la gesti\u00f3 dels conflictes violents i la construcci\u00f3 de pau a mitj\u00e0 i llarg termini. 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